Fitting a western saddle involves multiple factors which must work together for both the horse and rider for comfort, safety, and performance.
Horse Fit Factors
Gullet Width and Clearance: The gullet must be 2-3 fingers away from the horse’s withers to prevent pinching or pressure on the spin. A gullet that is too narrow will pinch, while one that is too wide will fall onto the withers.
Bar Angle and Shape: The bars must match the angle of the horse’s back as closely as possible. Western bars need sufficient rocker (curve to the bottom) and flair (curve at the ends) to conform to the horse’s back shape . Bars that are too straight can cause bridging, which concentrates pressure on the shoulders, loins, and gluteal muscles.
Even Pressure Distribution: The saddle panels should apply even pressure across the horse’s back with no large gaps between the panels and the back. The bars should contact only the rib cage, not extending past it onto the loins.
Saddle Placement: The front edge of the saddle tree bars must sit behind the shoulder blade (scapula) to allow freedom of movement and prevent rubbing. The saddle should not be longer than the horse’s last rib.
Horse Conformation: The horse’s conformation, age, and musculature all impact saddle suitability. Horses with wide backs and short coupling may require specific tree widths and shorter skirt lengths to prevent bridging.
Rider Fit Factors
Seat Size: You should be able to fit 2-3 fingers between your thigh and the swell, with your rump resting at the base of the cantle without pressure.
Cantle Height: A cantle measuring 4-5 inches provides ample back support and an upright posture, while a lower cantle (less than 4 inches) allows more movement and relaxation.
Stirrup Length: Stirrups should be long enough to maintain proper leg position and allow your legs to drop comfortably to the side.
Rider Size: Saddles are often fitted based on rider height, weight, and body type. If between sizes, sizing up is recommended while considering your discipline and preferences.
Cinch and Rigging Adjustments
Front Cinch: Should be adjusted so you can squeeze one finger between it and the horse after tightening to avoid excessive pressure before mounting.
Flank Cinch: Should allow 2 fingers between it and the horse’s belly to ensure even pressure distribution at all gaits.
Rigging Position: Full rigging puts more pressure on the front and prevents forward sliding, while 3/4 rigging reduces front pressure and prevents backward sliding.
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